Neolithic

Neolithic

The Neolithic period c. 4000 - 2200 BC

Although the ‘New Stone Age’ is traditionally seen as the period when farming was introduced to Britain, the vast timeframe of early prehistory can make it easy to generalise on the many – often complex – developments which took place. Rather than too much focus on ‘settling down’ however, emphasis has shifted to the real change being a new world view comprising notions of time, descent, origin, ancestry, community, nature, etc.

Mercers Farm Quarry, Bletchingley Road, Nutfield

Evaluation by W Boismier and I Meadows of Andrew Josephs Associates across an area of possible flint scatters recorded during previous fieldwalking (SyAC 97, 208) and located on the terrace edge of a small stream valley. The stratigraphy recorded in all trenches comprised a plough-soil above post-glacial alluvial clay and Cretaceous Gault Formation clay and pebbly sand deposits. Worked flint artefacts were only recovered from the plough-soil with no artefacts, features or deposits found cut into or within the alluvial sediments underlying it.

Box Hill School, Mickleham

A watching brief by W Weller of SCAU during levelling of a sports field, recovered a small assemblage of unstratified Neolithic and Bronze Age worked flints. However, owing to the shallow nature of the groundworks, no other finds or features of archaeological interest were recorded; the archaeological horizon was not encountered.

NESCOT former animal husbandry land, new care home site, Reigate Road, Ewell (pt 1)

Excavation by A Haslam of PCA of 1m2 test pits across a colluvial deposit that covered the site, and previously identified during a programme of evaluation (SyAC 99, 218), produced c 7000 pieces of Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age struck flint. The bulk of the assemblage dated from the later Bronze Age to the Iron Age and may derive from middening practices spanning those periods. Although redeposited, the flint assemblage clearly represents all stages in the reduction process, from the preparation of raw materials through to the manufacture, use and discard of tools.

North Park Farm Quarry, western extension, Bletchingley

Watching brief by J Condliffe of WA. To the east of Whitehill Lane, a series of eleven postholes on an east–west alignment associated with a large quantity of ceramic building material was identified. This north-west corner of the field is shown on OS maps up to 1897 as being a brick quarry and the posthole alignment probably indicates the line of the boundary fence that surrounded it. To the west of Whitehill Lane, a pit cut by a large posthole was revealed. Each feature contained two sherds of highly abraded Iron Age pottery.

Brewerstreet Farm to Lower Pendell Farm oil pipeline, Bletchingley

Evaluation and watching brief by L McCaig and D Britchfield of WA. The test pits were excavated to identify the depth of subsoil across the route of the proposed pipeline and so inform a strategy for the preservation in situ of potential archaeological deposits. The development proposal was subsequently designed to avoid impact on the archaeological horizons within the area of the easement that covered the majority of the development area, and truncation of the archaeological horizons was confined to the excavation of the narrow pipe trench.

Blackdown Primary School (Portesbery School) (former), Deepcut

Evaluation by N Randall of SCAU recorded an undated pit, possibly an earth oven, and two unstratified flint cores of Mesolithic or Neolithic date. Across the centre of the site were large areas of ground disturbance that probably related to the 20th century use of the site as military barracks, and the impact of a railway line that traversed the site during the inter-war period.

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